All 1,000 TOEFL Vocabulary Words
Test of English as a Foreign Language vocabulary organized alphabetically. Learn more about TOEFL prep
A
abolishto formally put an end to something; to eliminate or eradicateSAT · TOEFL · IELTSabolitionThe formal putting an end to a system or practiceTOEFLabsorbTo take in information or facts fullyTOEFLabstainTo deliberately choose not to do or have something; to refrain.GRE · SAT · TOEFLabstractExisting in thought or as an idea but not having a concrete physical existenceGRE · SAT · TOEFL · IELTSabstract nounA noun referring to an idea, concept, or qualityTOEFLabstract thinkingThinking about concepts rather than specific instancesTOEFLabstractionThe quality of existing apart from concrete realityTOEFLacademic integrityThe ethical code governing honesty in academic workTOEFLacademic vocabularyThe words commonly used in academic speech and writingTOEFLaccelerationthe rate of change of velocity; the second derivative of positionSAT · TOEFLaccessibleAble to be reached or used; friendly and easy to talk to.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSaccommodateTo provide lodging or space for; to adapt to or make room for.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSaccounta record of financial transactions; a report or explanationSAT · TOEFLaccount forTo explain the reason for somethingTOEFLaccumulateTo gather together or acquire an increasing number or quantity of something.TOEFL · IELTSaccuracythe quality of being correct or exact; precisionSAT · TOEFLaccurateFree from error; exact and correctSAT · TOEFL · IELTSachieveTo successfully bring about or reach a desired objective or result.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSacida chemical substance with pH less than 7; sharp or biting in tasteSAT · TOEFLacknowledgeto admit or recognize something as true; to show appreciationSAT · TOEFL · IELTSacknowledgmentA statement recognizing someone's contributionTOEFLacquireTo come to possess something through effort or experienceSAT · TOEFLactive voiceA grammatical form where the subject performs the actionTOEFLactivelyIn an energetic and engaged mannerTOEFLacutePresent or experienced to a severe or intense degree; requiring immediate attent…SAT · TOEFL · IELTSadaptTo become adjusted to new conditions; to modify for a new purpose.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSadaptationThe process of changing to suit different conditions; an altered form of somethi…TOEFL · IELTSadditionA basic arithmetic operation that combines two or more numbers to find their tot…GRE · TOEFLadequateSatisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity; sufficient.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSadjacentIn geometry, lying next to or sharing a common side, vertex, or boundary without…GRE · SAT · TOEFL · IELTSadministerTo manage and be responsible for the running of a business, organisation, or ins…SAT · TOEFL · IELTSadministrationthe management of affairs; the group managing an organizationSAT · TOEFLadolescentA young person in the process of developing into an adultSAT · TOEFLadvantagea favorable circumstance or benefit; superioritySAT · TOEFLadversePreventing success or development; harmful; unfavourable.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSadvocateTo publicly recommend or support a particular cause or policy.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSaerobicRelating to or requiring the presence of oxygenTOEFLaerosolTiny particles suspended in a gasTOEFLaffectTo have an effect on; to make a difference to.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSaffirmto assert or confirm something to be true; to ratifySAT · TOEFLaffluenthaving abundant money or possessions; wealthySAT · TOEFL · IELTSaggravateTo make a problem, injury, or offense worse or more serious.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSaggregateA whole formed by combining several separate elements.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSaggressiveReady to attack; showing anger; pursuing goals forcefullySAT · TOEFLagitateTo make someone troubled; to campaign for changeTOEFLagriculturalRelating to agricultureTOEFLaidHelp or support given to someoneTOEFLaimA purpose or intention; to direct toward a goalTOEFLalertQuick to notice problems; a warning signalTOEFLalgaeSimple non-flowering plants, typically found in waterTOEFLalleleA variant of a gene that produces a different traitTOEFLalleviateto make easier or less severe; to reduce pain or distressGRE · SAT · TOEFLalliancea union or association formed for a common purposeSAT · TOEFLallocateTo distribute resources or duties for a particular purpose.TOEFL · IELTSalloya mixture of two or more metals; to mix metalsSAT · TOEFLalongsideSide by side with something elseTOEFLalterTo change or cause to change in characterTOEFLalterationThe process of making changesTOEFLalternativeAvailable as another possibility or choice; one of two or more available possibi…TOEFL · IELTSambiguitythe quality of being open to more than one interpretationSAT · TOEFLambiguousOpen to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning.GRE · SAT · TOEFL · IELTSambitiousHaving a strong desire and determination to succeed; requiring exceptional effor…TOEFL · IELTSambivalentHaving mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.GRE · TOEFL · IELTSamendTo make changes to improve or correct somethingTOEFLampleabundant or plentiful; more than enoughSAT · TOEFLamplitudethe maximum extent of variation from a center value; in waves, half the distance…SAT · TOEFLanaerobicable to live without oxygen; relating to organisms that don't require airSAT · TOEFLanalogouscomparable in certain respects; having similar featuresGRE · SAT · TOEFLanalogyA comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation or clarification.GRE · SAT · TOEFL · IELTSanalyticalRelating to the detailed examination of somethingTOEFLanalyzeTo examine something in detail in order to understand itTOEFLanatomyThe branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of organisms.SAT · TOEFL · IELTSanecdotea short, interesting story about a real person or eventSAT · TOEFLannotateto add notes or comments to a text or documentSAT · TOEFLannotationA note added to explain or comment on a textTOEFLanomalySomething that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected.GRE · SAT · TOEFLantibodyA protein produced by the immune system to fight pathogensTOEFLanticipateTo regard as probable and make preparations for; to expect.TOEFL · IELTSanticipatoryComing before and preparing for something elseTOEFLantigenA substance that triggers an immune responseTOEFLapparentclearly visible or understood; seeming or appearing to be trueSAT · TOEFL · IELTSappealto make an earnest or formal request; to be attractive or interestingSAT · TOEFLappendixA section at the end of a document with additional materialTOEFLapplicationThe practical use of somethingTOEFLappropriatesuitable or proper for a particular situation; to take or adoptGRE · SAT · TOEFL · IELTSappropriate registerThe level of formality suited to the contextTOEFLapproximateClose to the actual but not completely accurateSAT · TOEFLapproximationA value or quantity that is nearly but not exactly correctTOEFLaquiferAn underground layer of rock that holds waterTOEFLargueTo give reasons or evidence in support of an idea or opinion.TOEFL · IELTSargumentin functions, the independent variable; input to a functionSAT · TOEFLargument mappingA visual technique for displaying an argument's structureTOEFLargumentationThe process of presenting a reasoned caseTOEFLarrangementThe way in which parts of something are organizedTOEFLarticulateTo express ideas clearly and effectively in speech or writingTOEFL · IELTSaspectA particular part or feature of something.TOEFL · IELTSassertTo state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully.TOEFL · IELTSassertionA confident statement of fact or beliefTOEFLassessTo evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something.TOEFL · IELTSassimilateTo absorb and integrate people, ideas, or information into a wider society or st…GRE · TOEFL · IELTSassumeTo suppose something to be the case without proof.TOEFL · IELTSassumptionA thing that is accepted as true or certain to happen without proof.TOEFL · IELTSasteroidA small rocky body orbiting the SunTOEFLatmosphereThe pervading tone or mood of a place or situation.TOEFL · IELTSatomThe smallest unit of a chemical elementTOEFLattend toTo pay attention to and process carefullyTOEFLattentivePaying close attention; considerateTOEFLattitudeA settled way of thinking or feeling about something.TOEFL · IELTSattributeA quality or characteristic belonging to something; to regard as caused byTOEFL · IELTSaudienceThe readers or listeners a text or speech is aimed atTOEFLauthorityThe power or right to give orders or make decisionsTOEFLautonomousHaving the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs; independent.GRE · TOEFL · IELTSavenueA way or means of achieving somethingTOEFL C
calculationA mathematical computationTOEFLcalibrationThe process of configuring a measuring instrumentTOEFLcapableHaving the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do somethingTOEFLcapacityThe maximum amount that something can contain; the ability to do something.TOEFL · IELTScapillaryA very narrow tube or blood vesselTOEFLcaptionA brief description below an image or figureTOEFLcaptureTo record or express something accuratelyTOEFLcarbohydrateAn organic compound including sugars and starchesTOEFLcarbon cycleThe process by which carbon is exchanged between organisms and the environmentTOEFLcarbon dioxideA gas produced by burning carbon and respirationTOEFLcase studyA detailed study of a specific subjectTOEFLcatalystA substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumedGRE · SAT · TOEFLcategoryA class or division of people or things regarded as having particular shared cha…TOEFL · IELTScausalRelating to or acting as a causeTOEFLcause and effectThe relationship between actions and their resultsTOEFLcautiousBeing careful to avoid potential problems or dangersTOEFLceaseTo stop doing something or bring something to an endTOEFLcell divisionThe process by which a cell splits into daughter cellsTOEFLcell membraneThe thin flexible boundary surrounding each cellTOEFLcertainEstablished beyond doubt; specific but not namedTOEFLchallengeTo question or dispute the truth or validity of something; a difficult task.TOEFL · IELTSchallengingTesting one's abilities in a stimulating wayTOEFLchapterA division of a book or academic textTOEFLcharacteristicA feature or quality belonging typically to a person, place, or thing.TOEFL · IELTScharacterizeTo describe the distinctive qualities of somethingTOEFLchemical bondAn attraction between atoms that allows chemical compounds to formTOEFLchemical reactionA process in which molecules interact and are transformedTOEFLchlorophyllThe green pigment in plants that absorbs light for photosynthesisTOEFLchromosomeA thread-like structure carrying genetic information in cellsTOEFLchronologicalArranged in order of timeTOEFLchronological orderArrangement of events in time orderTOEFLcircular argumentAn argument where the conclusion is used as a premiseTOEFLcirculationThe continuous movement of blood through the bodyTOEFLcircumstanceA fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action.TOEFL · IELTScitationA reference to a source of informationTOEFLcitation styleA set of rules for documenting sourcesTOEFLciteTo quote or refer to as evidence or justification.TOEFL · IELTSclaimTo state or assert something as fact, especially without proof.TOEFL · IELTSclarifyTo make a statement or situation less confused and more comprehensible.TOEFL · IELTSclarityThe quality of being clear and easy to understandTOEFLclassificationThe arrangement of things into categoriesTOEFLclassifyTo arrange a group of people or things in classes or categories according to sha…TOEFL · IELTSclimateThe long-term pattern of weather in an areaTOEFLcloselyIn a manner that is very near to somethingTOEFLclueA piece of evidence helping to identify somethingTOEFLcognitiveRelating to cognition or the mental processes of thinking, knowing, and perceivi…TOEFL · IELTScoherenceThe quality of being logical and consistentTOEFLcoherentLogical, consistent, and forming a unified wholeTOEFL · IELTScoherent argumentA well-organized argument that flows logicallyTOEFLcoherentlyIn a logical and consistent mannerTOEFLcohesionThe action or fact of forming a united whole; logical connection between parts o…TOEFL · IELTScollaborateTo work jointly on an activity or projectTOEFLcollapseA sudden fall or failure of something; to fall down suddenly.TOEFL · IELTScollectTo gather things together from different sourcesTOEFLcollectiveDone by or belonging to all the members of a group; joint.TOEFL · IELTScolloquialUsed in ordinary or familiar conversation, not formalTOEFLcolumna vertical arrangement of elements in a matrix or tableSAT · TOEFLcombustionThe process of burning a substanceTOEFLcommentA verbal or written remark expressing an opinionTOEFLcommissionAn instruction or order given to produce somethingTOEFLcommonlyFrequently; in the most usual wayTOEFLcompareTo examine two or more quantities or expressions to determine their relative siz…GRE · TOEFL · IELTScompare and contrastTo examine similarities and differences between thingsTOEFLcompensateTo give something in recognition of loss or sufferingTOEFLcompetenceThe ability to do something successfully or efficiently.TOEFL · IELTScompetitionThe activity of striving to gain an advantage over rivals.TOEFL · IELTScompileTo produce by assembling information from sourcesTOEFLcomplexConsisting of many different and connected parts; not straightforward.TOEFL · IELTScomplex sentenceA sentence containing a main clause and a subordinate clauseTOEFLcomplex vocabularySophisticated words requiring academic context to understandTOEFLcomplexityThe state of having many parts and being difficult to understand or find answers…TOEFL · IELTScomponenta part or element; in vectors, the projection along an axisSAT · TOEFLcompositionThe nature of something's ingredients or constituents; the way it is made up.TOEFL · IELTScompoundA thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; to make worse.TOEFL · IELTScomprehendTo understand something fullyTOEFLcomprehensionThe ability to understand somethingTOEFLcomprehensiveIncluding or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something.TOEFL · IELTSconcedeTo admit that something is true or valid after initially denying or resisting it…TOEFL · IELTSconcentrateTo direct one's attention or effort; to increase the strength or density of some…TOEFL · IELTSconceptAn abstract idea or general notion representing something.TOEFL · IELTSconcernA matter of interest or importance; to make someone anxious or worried.TOEFL · IELTSconciseGiving a lot of information clearly and in few words; brief but comprehensive.TOEFL · IELTSconcludeTo arrive at a judgement or opinion by reasoning.TOEFL · IELTSconclusionthe result or outcome reached by logical deductionSAT · TOEFLconcrete exampleA specific real-world illustration of an abstract conceptTOEFLcondensationThe conversion of vapor into liquidTOEFLcondensedMade more compact; reduced in volumeTOEFLconditionalDependent on or influenced by certain conditionsTOEFLconductorA material allowing the flow of heat or electricityTOEFLconfirmTo establish the truth or correctness of something previously believed or suspec…TOEFL · IELTSconflictA serious disagreement or argument; a prolonged armed struggle.TOEFL · IELTSconformTo behave in accordance with social standards or rulesTOEFLconnectionA relationship in which a person or thing is linked or associated with something…TOEFL · IELTSconnectiveA word or phrase joining parts of a sentence or argumentTOEFLconsequencea result or effect following from an action or conditionSAT · TOEFL · IELTSconservationThe protection of the natural environment, animals, or cultural heritage.TOEFL · IELTSconsiderableNotably large or importantTOEFLconsistentActing or done in the same way over time; compatible or in agreement with.TOEFL · IELTSconsistentlyIn the same way throughout; alwaysTOEFLconstituteTo be a part of a whole; to formally establishTOEFL · IELTSconstrainTo restrict or limit somethingTOEFLconstraintA limitation or restriction on somethingTOEFLconstructTo build or create somethingTOEFLconstructive feedbackFeedback aimed at improving rather than criticizingTOEFLcontemporaryLiving or occurring at the same time; relating to the present.TOEFL · IELTScontentThe information or topics in a piece of writingTOEFLcontentiousshowing an inclination to disagreeGRE · TOEFLcontextThe circumstances that form the setting for an event or statement.TOEFL · IELTScontext-dependentMeaning that varies according to surrounding circumstancesTOEFLcontinentOne of the large landmasses of EarthTOEFLcontinueTo persist without change; to resumeTOEFLcontinuousForming an unbroken whole; without interruptionTOEFLcontractionA shortening or reduction in sizeTOEFLcontrastThe state of being strikingly different from something else in comparison.TOEFL · IELTScontrasting viewA perspective that differs from the one being arguedTOEFLcontributeTo give something in order to help achieve a resultTOEFL · IELTScontroversialGiving rise to disagreement or public debateTOEFLcontroversyProlonged public disagreement or heated discussion.TOEFL · IELTSconvectionHeat transfer through a fluid caused by movement of the fluid itselfTOEFLconventionA widely accepted practice, standard, or norm within a particular group or field…GRE · TOEFL · IELTSconventionalBased on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed; conforming to…GRE · TOEFL · IELTSconversionThe process of changing something from one form to anotherTOEFLconvertTo change a quantity from one unit, form, or system of measurement to another eq…GRE · TOEFLconveyTo communicate or express somethingTOEFLconvictionan unshakable belief in something without need for proofGRE · TOEFLconvincingCapable of persuading through logical argument and evidenceTOEFLcooperateTo work jointly towards the same end.TOEFL · IELTScooperativeInvolving mutual assistance in working toward a common goalTOEFLcopeTo deal effectively with something difficult.TOEFL · IELTScoreThe central part of the Earth; the center of somethingTOEFLcorrelateTo have a mutual relationship; to establish such a relationshipTOEFLcorrespondTo have a close similarity or equivalenceTOEFLcorrosionThe gradual destruction of a material by chemical reactionTOEFLcounter-evidenceEvidence that contradicts a stated claimTOEFLcounterargumentAn argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory.TOEFL · IELTScounterpartA person or thing that fulfils the same function in a different context.TOEFL · IELTScreateTo bring something into existenceTOEFLcredibilityThe quality of being trusted and believedTOEFLcredible sourceA reliable and authoritative referenceTOEFLcriteriaPrinciples or standards by which something may be judged or decided.TOEFL · IELTScriticalHaving decisive or crucial importance in the success or failure of something; ex…TOEFL · IELTScritical thinkingThe objective analysis of facts to form a judgmentTOEFLcriticizeTo point out faults or problems in somethingTOEFLcritiqueA detailed analysis and assessment of something.TOEFL · IELTScross-referenceA reference to another part of a document or another textTOEFLcrucialDecisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.TOEFL · IELTScrustThe outer layer of the EarthTOEFLcrystallizationThe process by which crystals form from a solution or meltTOEFLcueA signal that prompts action or provides informationTOEFLcurrencyA system of money in general use in a country; the quality of being current.TOEFL · IELTScurrentBelonging to the present time; a body of water or air moving in a definite direc…TOEFL · IELTScurriculumThe subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.TOEFL · IELTScycleA series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order.TOEFL · IELTScytoplasmThe fluid that fills a cell outside the nucleusTOEFL D
dataFacts and statistics collected together for analysis; information used to make d…TOEFL · IELTSdata-drivenBased on the analysis of factual informationTOEFLdebatableOpen to argument or disputeTOEFLdebateA formal discussion on a topic; an argument about a contested subject.TOEFL · IELTSdeclarativeMaking a statement or assertionTOEFLdeclineA gradual and continuous decrease in strength, numbers, or quality.TOEFL · IELTSdecomposeTo rot or break down into simpler substancesTOEFLdecompositionThe process of decaying or breaking downTOEFLdeduceTo arrive at a conclusion by reasoning from evidenceTOEFL · IELTSdeductiveMoving from general principles to specific conclusionsTOEFLdefendTo argue in favor of a positionTOEFLdefineTo state or describe exactly the nature, scope, or meaning of something.TOEFL · IELTSdefinitionA statement of the exact meaning of a word or termTOEFLdeforestationThe clearing or thinning of forests by humans.TOEFL · IELTSdeliberateto think carefully about something; done consciously and intentionallySAT · TOEFLdelineatedescribed or portrayed precisely and in detailGRE · TOEFLdeliveryThe manner in which speech is presentedTOEFLdemonstrateTo clearly show the existence or truth of something by evidence or argument.TOEFL · IELTSdenseClosely compacted in substance; containing a great deal of material.TOEFL · IELTSdensityThe degree of compactness of a substance; mass per unit volumeTOEFLdepend onTo rely on something for supportTOEFLdepictTo represent by a drawing, painting, or descriptionTOEFLdepictionThe representation of something in a written or visual formTOEFLdepressionA period of economic decline; a mental health conditionTOEFLderiveTo obtain something from a source; to trace back to an originTOEFL · IELTSdescribeTo give an account of the qualities or characteristics of somethingTOEFLdescriptionA spoken or written account of a person, object, or event.TOEFL · IELTSdesignateTo officially assign a role or name to somethingTOEFLdespiteIn spite of; without being affected byTOEFLdetailA small item of information or a small featureTOEFLdetectTo discover or identify the presence or existence of something.TOEFL · IELTSdetermineTo cause or be the decisive factor in; to find outTOEFLdevelopTo grow or cause to grow more advancedTOEFLdevelop an argumentTo build a case step by step using evidenceTOEFLdeviceA technique used to achieve a particular purposeTOEFLdiagramA simplified drawing showing how something worksTOEFLdictionThe choice of words used in speech or writingTOEFLdifferenceThe result obtained by subtracting one number from another.GRE · TOEFLdifferentiateTo recognise or ascertain what makes someone or something different; to make dis…TOEFL · IELTSdiffusionThe spread of molecules from higher to lower concentrationTOEFLdigestionThe process by which food is broken down in the bodyTOEFLdilemmaA situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of ac…SAT · TOEFL · IELTSdimensionAn aspect or feature of a situation; a measurable extent of some kind.TOEFL · IELTSdiminishTo make or become lessTOEFLdirectGoing straight to the point; to manageTOEFLdirect quotationAn exact reproduction of a source's wordsTOEFLdiscernto perceive or recognize something; to distinguish clearlySAT · TOEFLdisciplineThe practice of training people to obey rules and follow a code of behaviour; a …TOEFL · IELTSdiscourseWritten or spoken communication or debate; a formal discussion of a topic.TOEFL · IELTSdiscourse communityA group sharing common language normsTOEFLdiscourse markerA word or phrase organizing the flow of spoken or written textTOEFLdiscriminateTo distinguish between; to treat unfairly based on group membershipTOEFLdiscussTo talk or write about a topic in detail, taking into account different ideas an…TOEFL · IELTSdisengageTo release from connection; to stop participatingTOEFLdisparityA great difference between things; a lack of equality.TOEFL · IELTSdisplaceTo take the place of something; to force someone to leave their home.TOEFL · IELTSdisplacementThe forced movement of people from their homes or usual surroundings.TOEFL · IELTSdisruptTo interrupt the normal course of; to radically change the way something works.TOEFL · IELTSdistillationA process of purifying a liquid by evaporation and condensationTOEFLdistinctRecognizably different in nature; clearly separateTOEFLdistinctionA difference or contrast between similar things; recognition of excellence.TOEFL · IELTSdistinguishTo recognize or point out a difference; to make different.TOEFL · IELTSdistributeTo give shares of something to a number of recipientsTOEFLdiverseShowing a great deal of variety; very different.TOEFL · IELTSdiversifyTo make more varied or spread across more categoriesTOEFLDNADeoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule carrying genetic informationTOEFLdocumenta representation of a person's thinking with contentGRE · TOEFLdocumentationWritten evidence or recordsTOEFLdomainAn area of knowledge or activityTOEFLdominantHaving power and influence over others; most important or influential.TOEFL · IELTSdominant geneA gene whose trait is expressed even with one copyTOEFLdominateTo have power or control over others; to be most importantTOEFLdormantIn a state of rest with reduced activityTOEFLdraftA preliminary version of a piece of writingTOEFLdrawTo produce a conclusion from informationTOEFLdroughtA prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.TOEFL · IELTSdurableAble to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; long-lasting.TOEFL · IELTSdurationThe time during which something continuesTOEFLdynamicsThe forces operating in a systemTOEFL E
economicRelating to economics or the economy; justified in terms of profitability.TOEFL · IELTSecosystemA biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.TOEFL · IELTSeffectiveSuccessful in producing a desired or intended result.TOEFL · IELTSeffective communicationConveying information clearly and accuratelyTOEFLeffectivelyIn a way that produces a desired result; successfully.TOEFL · IELTSeffectivenessThe degree to which something produces a desired resultTOEFLefficientAchieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.TOEFL · IELTSeffortA vigorous or determined attemptTOEFLelaborateInvolving many carefully arranged parts; to explain in more detailTOEFL · IELTSelaborationThe process of adding more detail to a plan or ideaTOEFLelectric chargeA property of matter causing it to experience electromagnetic forceTOEFLelectrodeA conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an electrolyteTOEFLelectrolysisChemical decomposition using an electric currentTOEFLelectromagneticRelating to the interrelated phenomena of electricity and magnetismTOEFLelectronA negatively charged subatomic particleTOEFLelementA component or constituent of a whole; a basic matter of a subject.TOEFL · IELTSeliminateTo completely remove or get rid of somethingTOEFL · IELTSembedTo incorporate something into a larger structureTOEFLembodyTo represent or express something concretelyTOEFLembryoAn organism in early stages of developmentTOEFLemergeTo come out from a concealed or difficult position; to become apparent.TOEFL · IELTSemissionThe production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.TOEFL · IELTSemphasisSpecial importance, value, or prominence given to something.TOEFL · IELTSemphasis markerA word or phrase that stresses importanceTOEFLemphasizeTo give special importance to something in speakingTOEFLempiricalBased on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.GRE · TOEFL · IELTSempiricallyBased on observation and experiment rather than theoryTOEFLenableTo give someone the authority or means to do something; to make possible.TOEFL · IELTSencounterTo unexpectedly experience or be faced with something; a meeting with someone.TOEFL · IELTSendureTo remain in existence; to suffer patiently.TOEFL · IELTSenergy transferThe movement of energy from one system to anotherTOEFLenforceTo compel observance of or compliance with a law, rule, or obligation.TOEFL · IELTSengageTo occupy, attract, or involve someone's interest or attention.TOEFL · IELTSenhanceTo intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of some…GRE · SAT · TOEFL · IELTSenormousVery large in size, quantity, or extent.TOEFL · IELTSenrichTo improve or enhance the quality or value of something.TOEFL · IELTSensureTo make certain that something will occur or be the case.TOEFL · IELTSenvironmentThe surroundings in which a person, animal, or plant lives; the natural world.TOEFL · IELTSenzymeA biological molecule that catalyzes chemical reactionsTOEFLequalHaving the same quantity, value, or measure as another; identical in mathematica…GRE · TOEFL · IELTSequitableFair and impartialTOEFLequivalentEqual in value, function, or meaning; having the same mathematical value express…GRE · TOEFLerosionThe gradual destruction or diminution of something; the wearing away of rock or …TOEFL · IELTSestablishTo set up or lay the groundwork for; to show something to be true.TOEFL · IELTSestimateTo roughly calculate or judge the value, number, or extent of something.TOEFL · IELTSestuaryA coastal area where a river meets the seaTOEFLethicalRelating to moral principlesTOEFLethical writingWriting that respects intellectual property and represents ideas honestlyTOEFLeukaryoteAn organism whose cells contain a nucleusTOEFLevaluateTo form an idea of the amount, number, or value of; to assess.TOEFL · IELTSevaporationThe process of turning from liquid to vaporTOEFLevapotranspirationWater loss from land through evaporation and plant transpirationTOEFLevidenceThe available facts or information indicating whether a belief is true or valid.TOEFL · IELTSevidence hierarchyA ranking of evidence types by reliabilityTOEFLevidence-based argumentA claim supported by factual data or researchTOEFLevidentPlain, obvious, and easily seen or understoodTOEFLevolutionThe gradual development of something into a more complex or better form.TOEFL · IELTSevolveTo develop gradually; to change over time.TOEFL · IELTSexamineTo inspect carefully and in detailTOEFLexampleA specific instance used to illustrate a general pointTOEFLexceedTo be greater than or surpass something.TOEFL · IELTSexcludeTo deliberately leave out or deny entry toTOEFLexcretionThe process of expelling waste products from the bodyTOEFLexhibitTo display publicly; to show a qualityTOEFLexpandTo become or make largerTOEFLexpand onTo give more detail about a topicTOEFLexpertiseExpert skill or knowledge in a particular areaTOEFLexplainTo make something clear by describing it in more detailTOEFLexplanationA statement clarifying somethingTOEFLexplicitStated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.TOEFL · IELTSexplicit statementA direct and clear expression of meaningTOEFLexploreTo examine or inquire into something fullyTOEFLexpositiona comprehensive description and explanation; a large public exhibitionSAT · TOEFLexpository writingWriting that explains or describes a subject clearlyTOEFLexposureThe state of being subjected to something; contact with and experience of someth…TOEFL · IELTSexpressiveEffectively conveying thought or feelingTOEFLextendTo develop an idea further or make it more comprehensiveTOEFLextensiveCovering a large area or range; thoroughTOEFLextensivelyIn a thorough and detailed way covering a large areaTOEFLexternalComing from outsideTOEFLextinctNo longer in existenceTOEFLextinctionThe state or process of being eliminated; a species ceasing to exist.TOEFL · IELTSextractTo remove or take out, especially by effortTOEFL I
identifyTo recognize and name something or someoneTOEFLillustrateTo explain or make something clear by using examples, charts, or pictures.TOEFL · IELTSillustrativeServing as an example or explanationTOEFLimmune responseThe body's reaction to antigensTOEFLimmune systemThe body's defense against infection and diseaseTOEFLimpactA marked effect or influence on someone or somethingTOEFL · IELTSimpartialtreating all rivals or disputants equally; unbiased and fairGRE · SAT · TOEFLimplementTo put a decision, plan, or agreement into effect.TOEFL · IELTSimplicationA conclusion that can be drawn from something although not explicitly stated; an…GRE · TOEFL · IELTSimplicitNot stated directly but understood from contextGRE · TOEFLimplyTo suggest or indicate something without saying it directly.TOEFL · IELTSimportantOf great significance or consequenceTOEFLimposeTo force something unwelcome to be accepted or put in place.TOEFL · IELTSincentiveA thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something.TOEFL · IELTSincomeMoney received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments.TOEFL · IELTSincorporatemake into a whole or make part of a wholeGRE · TOEFLindentationThe setting in of text from the marginTOEFLindicateTo point out or show; to be a sign of something.TOEFL · IELTSinertiatendency to remain unchanged; resistance to change or motionSAT · TOEFLinevitablecertain to happen; unable to be avoided or escapedSAT · TOEFL · IELTSinfectionThe invasion of the body by pathogensTOEFLinferTo deduce or conclude from evidenceTOEFLinferenceA conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoningTOEFLinfluenceThe capacity or power to have an effect on someone or something.TOEFL · IELTSinformationFacts or data provided or learnedTOEFLinfraredElectromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible lightTOEFLinherentExisting in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute.GRE · TOEFL · IELTSinheritedReceived genetically from one's ancestorsTOEFLinitialExisting at the beginningTOEFLinnovativeIntroducing new ideas or methodsTOEFLinputSomething that is put in or contributedTOEFLinquireTo seek information by askingTOEFLinsightThe capacity to gain accurate and deep understanding of someone or something.TOEFL · IELTSinstitutionalRelating to institutions or established organizationsTOEFLinsulationMaterial preventing heat, electricity, or sound from passing throughTOEFLintegrateTo combine or incorporate parts into a whole; to bring into equal membership.TOEFL · IELTSintegrate sourcesTo blend quoted or paraphrased material into your own textTOEFLintegrationThe action of combining groups to create an equal society; mixing into a whole.TOEFL · IELTSintenseOf extreme force, degree, or strength; having strong feelings.TOEFL · IELTSintentWhat one intends to do; a firm decisionTOEFLinteractiveAllowing two-way communication or responseTOEFLinterpretTo explain the meaning of information or an action.TOEFL · IELTSinterpretationAn explanation or understanding of somethingTOEFLinterspecificOccurring between different speciesTOEFLintroductionThe opening section of a piece of writingTOEFLinvasive speciesA non-native organism that disrupts its new ecosystemTOEFLinvestigateTo carry out a systematic or formal inquiry into; to research.TOEFL · IELTSinvolveTo include as a necessary part or result; to require participation.TOEFL · IELTSionAn atom or molecule with a net electric chargeTOEFLionizationThe process of turning an atom into an ionTOEFLisolateTo separate from others; to identify separatelyTOEFLisotopeA variant of an element with a different number of neutronsTOEFLissueAn important topic or problem for debate or discussion.TOEFL · IELTS P
pandemicA disease prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world.TOEFL · IELTSparagraphA distinct section of writing dealing with one topicTOEFLparagraph developmentThe process of expanding a topic sentence with supporting detailsTOEFLparagraph structureThe internal organization of a paragraphTOEFLparagraph unityThe quality of a paragraph dealing with a single ideaTOEFLparallelOccurring at the same time and having similar propertiesTOEFL · IELTSparallel structureUsing the same grammatical form for items in a list or comparisonTOEFLparameterA limit or boundary which defines the scope of a process or activity.TOEFL · IELTSparaphraseTo express the meaning of something using different words, typically to simplify…TOEFL · IELTSparasiteAn organism that lives in or on a host organism and benefits at the host's expen…SAT · TOEFL · IELTSparticipateTo take part in an action or discussionTOEFLpassive constructionA sentence structure in which the subject receives the actionTOEFLpassive voiceA grammatical construction where the subject is acted uponTOEFLpatternA regular and intelligible form or sequence discernible in data.TOEFL · IELTSpeer feedbackEvaluation of writing provided by another studentTOEFLpeer reviewEvaluation of work by others in the same fieldTOEFLpeer-reviewedEvaluated by experts in the same field before publicationTOEFLperceiveTo become aware of through the senses or intellectTOEFLperceptionThe way in which something is regarded, understood, or interpreted.TOEFL · IELTSpersistTo continue to exist despite oppositionTOEFLperspectiveA particular way of regarding something; a point of viewTOEFL · IELTSpersuadeTo cause someone to do something through reasoning or argument.TOEFL · IELTSpersuasiveGood at convincing people through argumentTOEFLpHA scale measuring acidity or alkalinityTOEFLphenomenonA fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose ca…TOEFL · IELTSphenomenon of interestThe specific event or behavior being studied in researchTOEFLphotonA particle of light or other electromagnetic radiationTOEFLphotosynthesisThe process by which plants use sunlight, water, and CO2 to produce food.TOEFL · IELTSphysicsThe branch of science concerned with matter, energy, and their interactionsTOEFLpigmentA substance giving color to tissues or cellsTOEFLplagiarismthe practice of taking someone else's work and passing it off as one's ownSAT · TOEFLplasmaThe liquid component of blood; a state of matterTOEFLplate tectonicsThe theory that Earth's crust is divided into moving platesTOEFLpoint of viewA particular attitude or perspective expressed in writingTOEFLpolarizeTo cause to divide into two contrasting groupsTOEFLpollinationThe transfer of pollen from stamens to the stigma of a plantTOEFLpolymerA large molecule made of repeating structural unitsTOEFLpopulationA group of organisms of the same species living in the same areaTOEFLpositionA particular way of approaching a topic in an argumentTOEFLpotentialHaving the capacity to develop into something in the future; latent ability.TOEFL · IELTSpotential energyStored energy that an object has due to its positionTOEFLprecipitationRain, snow, or hail; the formation of a solid from a solutionTOEFLpreciseMarked by exactness and accuracyTOEFLprecisionThe quality of being exact and accurateTOEFLpredatorAn animal that naturally preys on others; a person or organisation that exploits…TOEFL · IELTSpredictTo say what will happen in the future based on evidenceTOEFLpredominantPresent or exerting control as the strongest or main elementTOEFL · IELTSpreliminaryPreceding and preparing for main work or findingsTOEFLpremiseA previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows.TOEFL · IELTSpressureThe use of persuasion, influence, or intimidation to make someone do something; …TOEFL · IELTSpresupposeTo require as a prior condition; to assume beforehandTOEFLpreyAn animal hunted and killed by another for food; a victim.TOEFL · IELTSprimaryOf chief importance; the earliest or originalTOEFLprimary sourceAn original document or firsthand accountTOEFLprincipal argumentThe most important claim in a textTOEFLprincipleA fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for reasoning.TOEFL · IELTSpriorExisting or coming before in timeTOEFLprioritizeTo designate something as most importantTOEFLprobeTo inquire closely into something; a tool for investigationTOEFLproblem-solutionAn organizational pattern presenting a problem and its resolutionTOEFLprocessA series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.TOEFL · IELTSprocess analysisA description of how something works or is done step by stepTOEFLprocess writingAn approach to writing that emphasizes planning, drafting, and revisingTOEFLprokaryoteA single-celled organism without a distinct nucleusTOEFLproofreadingThe process of checking for errors before submissionTOEFLproportionAn equation stating that two ratios are equal; a relationship between quantities…GRE · TOEFL · IELTSproposeTo put forward an idea or plan for consideration or discussion.TOEFL · IELTSproteinA class of nitrogenous organic compounds essential to living organisms.TOEFL · IELTSprotein synthesisThe process by which cells produce proteinsTOEFLprotonA positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleusTOEFLpurposeThe intended result or aim of a piece of writing or speechTOEFLpurpose statementA sentence declaring the goal of a piece of writingTOEFLpursueTo continue or proceed with somethingTOEFL