GRE Quantitative Reasoning

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High Frequency Words Warm-up Words Intermediate Words Challenge Words Quantitative Reasoning

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A

absoluteIn mathematics, the absolute value of a number is its distance from zero on the …GRE · SAT additionA basic arithmetic operation that combines two or more numbers to find their tot…GRE · TOEFL adjacentIn geometry, lying next to or sharing a common side, vertex, or boundary without…GRE · SAT · TOEFL · IELTS algorithmA step-by-step procedure or set of rules for solving a mathematical problem or p…GRE · SAT · IELTS analyticIn mathematics, relating to or using analysis, particularly the use of algebraic…GRE apothemThe perpendicular distance from the center of a regular polygon to the midpoint …GRE · SAT arcA portion of the circumference of a circle or other curve.GRE · SAT arithmeticThe branch of mathematics dealing with the properties and manipulation of number…GRE · SAT asymptoteA line that a curve approaches arbitrarily closely but never actually reaches or…GRE · SAT axisA fixed reference line used in a coordinate system to specify the position of a …GRE · SAT

B

bayesianRelating to a statistical method in which probabilities are updated as new evide…GRE binomialAn algebraic expression consisting of two terms connected by a plus or minus sig…GRE · SAT bisectTo divide a line segment, angle, or shape into two equal parts.GRE · SAT

C

calculateTo determine a numerical result by performing mathematical operations such as ad…GRE · SAT calculusThe branch of mathematics that studies continuous change through derivatives (di…GRE · SAT cardinalOf the greatest importance; fundamental.GRE cartesianRelating to the coordinate system that specifies each point in a plane by a pair…GRE centroidThe geometric center of a shape, calculated as the average position of all point…GRE · SAT circumferenceThe distance around the outside of a circle, calculated as C = 2*pi*r, where r i…GRE · SAT coefficientA numerical or constant factor placed before a variable in an algebraic expressi…GRE · SAT · IELTS collinearLying on the same straight line, used to describe points that share a single lin…GRE · SAT combinatoricsThe branch of mathematics dealing with combinations, permutations, and the count…GRE compareTo examine two or more quantities or expressions to determine their relative siz…GRE · TOEFL · IELTS concentricSharing the same center point, as with circles or spheres of different radii tha…GRE · SAT congruentIn geometry, having the same shape and size so that all corresponding sides and …GRE · SAT conjectureAn opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; in math,…GRE · SAT consecutiveFollowing continuously in unbroken sequence; in math, consecutive integers diffe…GRE · SAT convertTo change a quantity from one unit, form, or system of measurement to another eq…GRE · TOEFL convexCurving outward like the exterior of a sphere; in geometry, a polygon is convex …GRE · SAT coordinateAn ordered set of numbers that specifies the position of a point in a given refe…GRE · SAT coplanarLying in the same geometric plane; used to describe points, lines, or figures th…GRE correspondingIn geometry, occupying the same relative position in similar or congruent figure…GRE · SAT cosineA trigonometric function of an angle equal to the ratio of the length of the adj…GRE cylinderA three-dimensional solid with two parallel, congruent circular bases connected …GRE

D

decagonA polygon with ten sides and ten angles; a regular decagon has all sides and ang…GRE decimalA number expressed in the base-10 system using a decimal point to represent frac…GRE decreaseA reduction in size, quantity, or degree; the result of subtracting a larger val…GRE denominatorThe number below the line in a fraction, indicating how many equal parts the who…GRE derivativea compound obtained from another compoundGRE determinantA scalar value computed from the elements of a square matrix that encodes certai…GRE diagonalA line segment connecting two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon, or extending f…GRE diameterA straight line passing through the center of a circle or sphere, connecting two…GRE differenceThe result obtained by subtracting one number from another.GRE · TOEFL digitAny of the numerals from 0 to 9, especially when forming part of a larger number…GRE directionThe orientation or path along which something moves or faces, often expressed as…GRE distanceThe length of the shortest path between two points, often calculated using the d…GRE divergenceThe process or state of moving apart or becoming different; in mathematics, a me…GRE dividendThe number being divided in a division operation.GRE divisionThe mathematical operation of dividing one number by another to find how many ti…GRE

E

eigenvalueA scalar associated with a linear transformation of a vector space, representing…GRE ellipseA closed plane curve that is the set of all points such that the sum of the dist…GRE equalHaving the same quantity, value, or measure as another; identical in mathematica…GRE · TOEFL · IELTS equationA mathematical statement asserting the equality of two expressions, connected by…GRE equilateralHaving all sides of equal length.GRE equivalentEqual in value, function, or meaning; having the same mathematical value express…GRE · TOEFL euclideanRelating to the geometry of flat, two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional s…GRE exponentA quantity representing the power to which a given number or expression is to be…GRE expressionA mathematical phrase combining numbers, variables, and operation symbols that r…GRE extrapolateTo extend the application of a known dataset or method to an unknown situation b…GRE · SAT

F

factorA number or algebraic expression that divides another number or expression evenl…GRE · TOEFL · IELTS factorialThe product of all positive integers less than or equal to a given positive inte…GRE factorizationThe process of decomposing a number or expression into a product of simpler fact…GRE fibonacciRelating to the Fibonacci sequence, in which each number is the sum of the two p…GRE finiteHaving a definite limit or fixed size; not infinite.GRE · TOEFL formulaA mathematical rule or relationship expressed in symbols, numbers, and variables…GRE fourierRelating to Fourier analysis, a mathematical method that decomposes functions in…GRE fractalA geometric shape that displays self-similarity at every scale, where each part …GRE fractionA numerical quantity that is not a whole number, expressed as one integer (numer…GRE functionA mathematical relation that assigns exactly one output to each input from a giv…GRE · TOEFL · IELTS

G

gallonA unit of liquid capacity equal to 128 U.S. fluid ounces (approximately 3.785 li…GRE gaussianRelating to the Gaussian (normal) distribution, a bell-shaped probability curve …GRE geometricRelating to geometry, or characterized by a constant ratio between successive te…GRE gradientThe rate of change of a quantity with respect to distance; in calculus, a vector…GRE graphA visual representation of data or mathematical relationships, typically using a…GRE

H

hamiltonianIn mathematics and physics, a function describing the total energy of a system; …GRE heightThe vertical measurement of something from base to top; in geometry, the perpend…GRE heptagonA polygon with seven sides and seven angles.GRE heuristicA practical problem-solving approach that employs a strategy not guaranteed to b…GRE hexagonA polygon with six sides and six angles.GRE horizontalA line or plane parallel to the x-axis or the plane of the horizon, having zero …GRE hyperbolaA conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane at an angle st…GRE hypotenuseThe side of a right triangle opposite the right angle, and the longest side of t…GRE

I

icosahedronA polyhedron with twenty faces, especially a regular icosahedron whose faces are…GRE identicalIn mathematics, being exactly equal in value, form, or properties such that one …GRE · IELTS increaseA quantitative change in which a value becomes larger; the amount by which a qua…GRE · IELTS inequalityA mathematical statement that compares two expressions using symbols such as <, …GRE · IELTS inflectionA point on a curve at which the curvature changes sign, transitioning from conca…GRE integerA whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero, belonging to the set {..…GRE integralIn calculus, the integral of a function represents the accumulated area under it…GRE interceptThe point at which a line or curve crosses a coordinate axis; the x-intercept is…GRE interpolateTo insert something between existing elements; to estimate an unknown value that…GRE intersectTo cross or meet at a point; in geometry, two lines intersect when they share ex…GRE intersectionIn set theory, the intersection of two sets is the set of elements common to bot…GRE intervalA set of all real numbers between two given endpoints, which may be open (exclud…GRE inverseA mathematical relationship in which one quantity increases as another decreases…GRE irrationalA real number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers; its decimal e…GRE isoscelesDescribing a triangle that has exactly two sides of equal length, with the angle…GRE iterationThe repetition of a mathematical or computational process, applying it to the re…GRE

J

jacobianA matrix of all first-order partial derivatives of a vector-valued function, use…GRE

L

lagrangeReferring to methods or theorems associated with Joseph-Louis Lagrange, includin…GRE laplacianA second-order differential operator equal to the divergence of the gradient of …GRE lebesgueRelating to Henri Lebesgue's theory of measure and integration, which generalize…GRE lengthThe measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension; in geom…GRE · TOEFL linearRelating to or resembling a straight line; in mathematics, describing a function…GRE logarithmThe exponent to which a base must be raised to produce a given number; if b^x = …GRE

M

magnitudeThe size, extent, or absolute value of a quantity; in mathematics, the length of…GRE · IELTS manifoldIn mathematics, a topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space near …GRE markovRelating to stochastic processes in which the probability of each event depends …GRE massA measure of the amount of matter in an object, typically measured in kilograms …GRE · TOEFL matrixA rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and col…GRE measurementThe process of assigning a numerical value to a physical quantity by comparing i…GRE medianThe middle value in an ordered data set; if the set has an even number of values…GRE meterThe base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), defined as th…GRE metricA function that defines a distance between elements of a set, satisfying conditi…GRE midpointThe point on a line segment that is equidistant from both endpoints, calculated …GRE modeThe value that appears most frequently in a data set; a data set may have one mo…GRE multipleA number that can be divided by another number without a remainder; the product …GRE multiplicationA fundamental arithmetic operation that combines two numbers (factors) to produc…GRE

N

negativeA number less than zero, represented with a minus sign; on a number line, negati…GRE · IELTS notationA system of symbols or signs used to represent numbers, quantities, or operation…GRE numeralA figure, symbol, or group of figures or symbols denoting a number in a given nu…GRE numeratorThe number above the line in a fraction, representing how many parts of the whol…GRE

O

obliqueNot explicit or direct in stating or expressing something; slanting or angled ra…GRE · SAT obtuseIn geometry, an angle measuring greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degree…GRE · SAT octagonA polygon with eight sides and eight angles; a regular octagon has all sides and…GRE operationA mathematical process such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or divisio…GRE ordinalA number that indicates position or order in a sequence, such as first, second, …GRE originThe fixed point (0, 0) in a coordinate system where the x-axis and y-axis inters…GRE · IELTS orthogonalRelating to or involving right angles; perpendicular, especially in reference to…GRE

P

parabolaA symmetrical open plane curve formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane…GRE parallelogramA four-sided plane figure (quadrilateral) whose opposite sides are parallel and …GRE parametricRelating to or expressed in terms of a parameter, a variable that defines a syst…GRE pentagonA plane figure with five straight sides and five angles; a regular pentagon has …GRE percentA ratio or fraction expressed as a portion of 100, denoted by the symbol %.GRE perimeterThe total length of the boundary of a two-dimensional shape.GRE permutationAn arrangement of a set of items in a specific order, where the sequence matters…GRE perpendicularAt an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface; intersecting at ri…GRE planeA flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in all directions, defin…GRE poissonA discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given nu…GRE polygonA closed plane figure bounded by three or more straight line segments.GRE polyhedronA three-dimensional solid figure with flat polygonal faces, straight edges, and …GRE polynomialAn algebraic expression consisting of variables and coefficients combined using …GRE positiveA number greater than zero; in mathematics, belonging to the set of values on th…GRE · IELTS postulateTo assume or claim as true, especially as a basis for reasoning or discussion; a…GRE · SAT primeA natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and i…GRE prismA three-dimensional solid with two congruent, parallel polygonal bases and recta…GRE probabilityA measure of the likelihood that an event will occur, expressed as a number betw…GRE productThe result obtained by multiplying two or more numbers or expressions together.GRE propertyA characteristic or attribute of a mathematical object, such as the commutative,…GRE proportionAn equation stating that two ratios are equal; a relationship between quantities…GRE · TOEFL · IELTS pythagoreanRelating to the Pythagorean theorem, which states that in a right triangle, the …GRE

Q

quadraticInvolving the second power (square) of a variable; a quadratic equation has the …GRE quadrilateralA polygon with four sides and four angles; examples include squares, rectangles,…GRE quartA unit of liquid capacity equal to one-fourth of a gallon or two pints (approxim…GRE quarterOne of four equal parts into which something is divided; one-fourth (1/4 or 25%)…GRE quaternionA number system that extends complex numbers, consisting of four components (one…GRE quotientThe result obtained by dividing one number by another.GRE

R

rangeThe difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set; also, the …GRE · TOEFL · IELTS ratioA quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one valu…GRE rationalA number that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers, where the denomi…GRE reciprocalThe multiplicative inverse of a number; for any nonzero number a, its reciprocal…GRE regressionA statistical method for modeling the relationship between a dependent variable …GRE remainderThe amount left over after division when one integer does not divide evenly into…GRE rhombusA parallelogram with four equal sides, where opposite angles are equal.GRE riemannRelating to Bernhard Riemann's mathematical work, especially the Riemann sum use…GRE rootA value that, when substituted into an equation, makes it true; equivalently, a …GRE

S

scaleneA triangle in which all three sides have different lengths and all three angles …GRE sectorA region of a circle enclosed by two radii and the arc between them.GRE · IELTS segmentA part of a line bounded by two endpoints; also, a region of a circle cut off by…GRE sequenceAn ordered list of numbers following a specific pattern or rule, where each elem…GRE · TOEFL · IELTS sequentialArranged or occurring in a specific order, where each element follows logically …GRE seriesThe sum of the terms of a sequence, either finite or infinite.GRE shapeA geometric figure defined by its boundary, such as a circle, triangle, or polyg…GRE simplifyTo reduce a mathematical expression to its most basic or compact form without ch…GRE · TOEFL · IELTS sineA trigonometric function equal to the ratio of the side opposite a given angle t…GRE solutionA value or set of values that satisfies a given equation or system of equations.GRE · TOEFL · IELTS stochasticRandomly determined; involving a process in which outcomes are described by a pr…GRE subtractionThe arithmetic operation of finding the difference between two numbers by removi…GRE surfaceThe two-dimensional boundary of a three-dimensional object; the total area of al…GRE symmetryA property of a figure or object whereby it is invariant under a transformation …GRE

T

tangentA straight line that touches a curve at exactly one point without crossing it; a…GRE · SAT tangentialOnly marginally related to the matter at hand; diverging from the main point.GRE tessellationA pattern of shapes that fit together without any gaps or overlaps to cover a pl…GRE theoremA mathematical statement that has been proven true through logical deduction fro…GRE topologyThe branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space that are preserved …GRE transformationA function that maps a geometric figure to a new position, size, or orientation,…GRE · IELTS transversalA line that intersects two or more other lines at distinct points.GRE trapezoidA quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides, called the bases.GRE

V

valueThe numerical quantity assigned to a variable, expression, or function; the resu…GRE variableA symbol, usually a letter, that represents an unknown or changeable quantity in…GRE · TOEFL · IELTS vectorA quantity that has both magnitude and direction, often represented as a directe…GRE velocityThe rate of change of an object's position with respect to time, including both …GRE · TOEFL · IELTS vertexThe point where two or more lines, edges, or rays meet to form an angle; a corne…GRE verticalPerpendicular to the horizontal plane; extending straight up and down.GRE

W

widthThe measurement of the extent of something from side to side; the shorter of two…GRE