IELTS Topic Vocabulary

233 words · View all IELTS words

Academic WritingReading PassagesSpeaking FluencyTopic Vocabulary
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVWZ

C

capitalismAn economic and political system in which trade and industry are controlled by p…IELTScarbon footprintThe amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted by someone's act…IELTScarbon neutralMaking no net release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.IELTScensorshipThe suppression or prohibition of speech, public communication, or information.IELTSchronic diseaseA condition that persists over a long period of time.IELTScitizenshipThe position or status of being a citizen of a particular country; civic engagem…IELTScivicOf or relating to a city or town, especially its administration; relating to cit…IELTScivil rightsThe rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.IELTSclean technologyTechnology that reduces negative environmental impacts through energy efficiency…IELTSclimate changeA long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns, largely driven by huma…IELTScoastal erosionThe loss of land due to the action of waves, tides, and other coastal processes.IELTScohesiveForming a united whole; characterised by social solidarity and common purpose.IELTScollectiveDone by or belonging to all the members of a group; joint.TOEFL · IELTScolonialismThe practice of acquiring political control over another country and exploiting …IELTScompulsoryRequired by law or a rule; obligatory.IELTSconflictA serious disagreement or argument; a prolonged armed struggle.TOEFL · IELTScongestionThe condition of a road or area being overcrowded with traffic.IELTSconservation areaAn area designated for the protection of the natural or built environment.IELTSconsumerismThe preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consumer goods.IELTSconsumeristRelating to the preoccupation with and inclination toward the buying of consumer…IELTScontaminateTo make impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.IELTScopyrightThe exclusive legal right of creators to reproduce, publish, or distribute their…IELTScorruptionDishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power; bribery.IELTScrime rateThe amount of crime occurring in a given area per unit of population.IELTScultural diversityThe quality of diverse or varied cultural or ethnic groups within a society.IELTScurriculumThe subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college.TOEFL · IELTScybersecurityThe practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.IELTS

D

dataFacts and statistics collected together for analysis; information used to make d…TOEFL · IELTSdecentralisationThe transfer of control from central to regional or local authority.IELTSdeforestationThe clearing or thinning of forests by humans.TOEFL · IELTSdeforestation rateThe speed at which forest land is being cleared.IELTSdemandAn insistent and peremptory request; the desire for something.IELTSdemocracyA system of government in which power is vested in the people through elected re…IELTSdependency ratioThe proportion of a population that is dependent on the working population for s…IELTSdepletionThe reduction of something to a very small amount; using up of a resource.IELTSdeprivationThe lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities.IELTSdietThe kinds of food that a person habitually eats; a special course of food for he…IELTSdigital divideThe gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do n…IELTSdigital economyAn economy that is based on digital computing technologies.IELTSdiplomacyThe profession or skill of managing international relations; tact and skill in m…IELTSdisabilityA physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or acti…IELTSdiscriminationThe unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people.IELTSdisparityA great difference between things; a lack of equality.TOEFL · IELTSdisplacementThe forced movement of people from their homes or usual surroundings.TOEFL · IELTSdistance learningA method of studying in which students work at home and communicate with teacher…IELTSdroneA remotely piloted aircraft; an unmanned aerial vehicle.IELTSdropoutA person who leaves school, college, or a training programme before completion.IELTSdrought-resistantAble to survive and grow with very little water.IELTS

E

eco-tourismTourism directed toward natural environments to conserve the environment and sup…IELTSeconomic growthAn increase in the amount of goods and services produced per head of the populat…IELTSemission tradingA market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentive…IELTSempowermentThe process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling o…IELTSencryptionThe process of converting information into a code to prevent unauthorised access…IELTSendangeredSeriously at risk of extinction.IELTSenergy efficiencyThe goal of reducing the amount of energy required to provide products and servi…IELTSenergy povertyThe lack of access to modern energy services for a significant proportion of a p…IELTSenrollmentThe action of officially registering as a member of an institution.IELTSenvironmental regulationLaws and rules that govern the management and protection of the natural environm…IELTSepidemicA widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular …IELTSequalityThe state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.IELTSethical consumptionPurchasing products and services that are produced in ways that are ethical.IELTSexaminationA formal test of a person's knowledge or skills.IELTSexerciseActivity requiring physical effort for the purpose of health and fitness.IELTSexploitationThe action or fact of treating someone or something unfairly for one's own benef…IELTSexportTo send goods or services to another country for sale.IELTSextracurricularOutside the regular academic curriculum; additional activities.IELTS

P

pandemicA disease prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world.TOEFL · IELTSpensionA regular payment made to a retired person from an investment fund.IELTSpension crisisA situation in which a pension system is unable to meet its future obligations.IELTSpermafrost thawThe melting of permanently frozen ground in cold regions.IELTSphilanthropyThe desire to promote the welfare of others; charitable giving.GRE · IELTSplastic pollutionThe accumulation of plastic objects in the Earth's environment.IELTSpolitical stabilityA state of governance in which the government is able to function effectively wi…IELTSpollutionThe presence of harmful substances in the environment.IELTSpopulation ageingA shift in the distribution of a country's population towards older ages.IELTSpopulation densityThe number of people living per unit of area, usually per square kilometre.IELTSpovertyThe state of being extremely poor; the state of being inferior in quality or ins…IELTSpoverty trapA self-reinforcing mechanism which causes poverty to persist.IELTSpreventableAble to be stopped from occurring or developing.IELTSprivacyThe state or condition of being free from observation or disturbance; freedom fr…IELTSpropagandaInformation, especially biased or misleading, used to promote a cause or politic…IELTSpublic healthThe branch of medicine concerned with protecting the health of a whole community…IELTSpublic policyThe principles and regulations established by government to address matters of p…IELTSpublic transportBuses, trains, and other forms of transport that are available to the public and…IELTS

S

sanitationConditions relating to public health, especially the provision of clean water an…IELTSscholarshipA grant made to support a student's education; academic study or achievement.IELTSsea level riseThe increase in sea levels due to the melting of polar ice and thermal expansion…IELTSsedentaryTending to spend much time seated; involving little physical activity.IELTSslumA squalid and overcrowded urban district inhabited by very poor people.IELTSsmart cityAn urban area that uses technology to enhance performance, wellbeing, and sustai…IELTSsocial capitalThe networks of relationships among people in a society that enable it to functi…IELTSsocial entrepreneurA person who builds businesses or organisations that aim to address social probl…IELTSsocial inequalityUnequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and rewards among different gr…IELTSsocial mediaWebsites and applications that enable users to create and share content and netw…IELTSsocial mobilityThe movement of individuals or groups within a social hierarchy.IELTSsoil degradationThe physical, chemical, and biological deterioration of soil quality.IELTSsolar energyRadiant energy emitted by the sun and converted into electricity.IELTSsolar panelA panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating e…IELTSspecies diversityThe number of different species represented in a given habitat or region.IELTSspecies extinctionThe permanent elimination of a species from the natural world.IELTSstateA nation or territory considered as an organised political community; to express…IELTSsubsidyA sum of money granted by the state or a public body to assist an industry or se…IELTSsubsistence farmingFarming that provides only enough food for the farmer and their family.IELTSsuburbAn outlying district of a city, especially a residential one.IELTSsupply chainA network of organisations involved in producing and delivering a product to con…IELTSsurveillanceClose observation, especially of a suspected person; monitoring by camera or tec…IELTSsustainabilityThe ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level without depleting resour…IELTS